CVE-2025-25291ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)

Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

Data: CVE.org, NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS, Ubuntu. Published as the sources state it, in English.

Affected products and versions

References and patches

• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm Vendor Advisory
• https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv Vendor Advisory
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9 Patch
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97 Patch
• https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released Patch
• https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials ExploitThird Party Advisory
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4 Release Notes
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0 Release Notes
• https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins ExploitThird Party Advisory
• https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml Third Party Advisory
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html
• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 Issue Tracking
• https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/ Third Party Advisory